Head Trauma And Other Intra-Cranial Pathology Imaging Approach

Faʻasalaga Ulu: Toto

• SKULL FX: FAIGALUEGA I LE FAATULAGAINA O LE AGAGA I LE LONA. SKULL FX O TOTONU I NISI MEA FAATINO FAAOFIA: INTRA-CRANALHEMORRHAGING, VAEGA TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY MA ISI COMPLICATIONS SERIOUS
• SKull X-RAYS O LE MAUA FUA I LE FAʻAMATALAGA O LE MANUIA O LE ULU. CT SCANNING W / O CONTRAST O LE LALOLAGI AʻOAʻO GALUEGA LAUGA I LE iloiloga o le mataga ulu. TRAUMA. MRI HASA LE MAFAI GALUEGA FAʻALELEINA FAʻAALIGA O LE ALO, MA LE MAFAI ONA FAIA MO SE TATOU DX O LE ULU LOA TRAUMA.
• SKULL FX E FAʻAMATALAINA ASO FXS OF SKULL VAULT, SKULL LEASE MA FAʻATASI SKELETON IA AOAO ATU MA TOTONU FAʻAMASINO MA LE FESOASOANI MO LE FAʻAMATALAINA O LE FAʻAMATALAGA.
• LINEAR SKULL FX: SKULL VAULT. M / C FX. CT SCANNING O LE FAʻAALIGA E FAʻAMALUINA AI LE HEMORRHAGING MANAGERIA
• X-RAY DDX: SUTURES VS. LINEAR SKull FX. FX IS THINNER, BLACKER-- IE MORE LUCENT, CROSSESSUTURES, AND VASCULAR GROOVES, LACKSSERRATIONS
• RX: AFAI E LEʻI LĒ FAASOLOINA ATU I TOTONU O LE KOMISI E LE MAFAI AI. TULAGA FAʻAMASI PE A LE FAIA E LE CT SCANNING

• SAUNIA SKULL FX: 75% I LE VAULT. E MAFAI ONA TATALO. ILOILOINA O SE FOTU FETU. Le tele o tulaga MANAOMIA NEUROSURGICALEXPLORATION aemaise IFFRAGMENTS mafatia> 1-CM.COMPLICATIONS: VASCULAR manua / HEMATOMAS, PNEUMOCEPHALUS, fiva, TBI, CSF mama, HERNIATION faiai ISI TULAGA FAAPENA
• FAʻAALIGA: FUAFUAINA O LE TUSI PAIA O LE MAUA

• BASILAR SKULL FX: MAFAI ONA MATUA. E TOE FAʻATELE I LE TASI O MEA TELE O LE PULEGA O LE PAIA MA FACIALSKELETON, E FAʻATELE MA LE TBI MA LE FAʻAMANATUINA O LE MAJORINTRACRANIAL. FAIGOFIE OCCUR AS ASI 'AOTELEGA AʻOAʻoga O Aafiaga MA METOTISI FAIGA E TUSA I LE OCCIPUT MA TEMPORAL PONI E TUSI SPHENOID MA ISI Tulaga O MATAʻOLINA. CLINICALLY: RACCOON MATA, BATTEL SAINI, CSFRHINO / OTorrHEA.

Fractures Face

• NASAL BONES FX: 45% O ALLFACEFXM / C E TUSI LE LATALI (FIST BLOW ETC.) AFAI O LE UNDISPLACEDNO TREATMENT, AFAI E MAFAI ONA FAʻAMATALAINA LE AIR FLOW AND RESPIRATORY PASSAGE, E MAFAI ONA FAʻATASI ATU MA ISI FACIAL / SKULL INJURY. X-RAYS 80% SENSITIVE, NA TUSIA E CT INCOMPLEX INJURIES.
• ORBITAL BLOW OUT FX: FAʻATELEGA FAʻATONU D / T AUA I LE LALOLAGI MA / PO I LE TASI IGA. FX OF ORBITAL FLOOR INTOMAXILLARY SINUS VS. UALELE FUA I TOTONU O LE ETHMOID. FAʻAMATALAGA: ENTRAPPEDINFERIOR RECTUS M, PROLAPSEORBITAL FAT, Faʻalualu Loloto Suʻega, FUAFUAGA MA OPTIC NERVE FAʻAFIAFIA. RX: O LE MANATU O LE MANATU I LE LALOLAGI E TĀUA, E MAFAI ONA E TOFIA ONA TELE FIAFIA AI FUA

• TRIPOD FX: 2ND M / C FACIAL FX # AFTER NASAL (40% OF MIDFACEFX) 3-POINT FX-ZYGOMATICARCH, OROCITAL PROCESS OF ZYGOMATIC BONE & SIDE OF MAXILLARY SINUS WALL, MAXILLARY PROCESS OF ZYGOMATIC BONE.COMPLICATED INA. CT SCANNING E TELE FAʻAMATALAGA MAI X-RAYS (VAIʻA VAVE).
• TUSI FX: FUAFUAGA FX ALWAYS INVOLVES PTERYGOID PLATES, FUAFUAGA MA LE SEPARATINGMIDFACE MA LE ALAVALARI ALII I LE FAAALO MAI LE SULULL. FAʻAALIGA: AIRWAYS, HEMOSTASIS, NUU I LE LOTO. E TATAU ONA TUSIA LE CT SCANNING. TUPE MAUA O BASILAR SKULL FX

• PING-PONG FX: FUA MAUA I FUA TUPE MAUA. O SE FAʻATINO FAIGALUEGA FX D / T FOCALDEPRESSION: FAʻAFUAIGA FAʻAFOEINA, FAIGATA LABOR ITU. FOCALTRABECULAR MICROFRACTURIINGLEAVING DEPRESSION RESEMBLING APING-PONG. O le DX E MAUA I LE KINI ESEESEGA FAʻALELEIA - FAʻAMATALAGAINA I LE LAUOLU. TYPICALLYNEUROLOGICALLY fesoʻotaʻiga. MAFAI ONA FESOASOANI PE AFAI E FAIGALU LE MAFAI ONA. RX: OBSERVATIONAL VS. MANUIA I FAʻATINOAGA FAʻAGA. SPORTANEOUSREMODELING TUSI LIPOTI

• LELEI FUAFUAINA CYST (SAUNOAINA O SKULL FX) - O SE FUAFUAINA O SKULL FRACTURE E MAʻU ATU AI I LE POSTTRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOMALACIA
• E LE TATOU TAIMI, AUA O LE FAʻAALIGA O LE AOAOINA O LE ASO TAITASI O LE TUSI O LE POST-PALOSIA MA LE VAEGA SKULL FX FOLLOWEDBY FAʻAMATALAGA O LE TASI MA LE FAʻAMATALAGA MA LE FAʻAVAEINA O LE CSF. CT IS BEST ATDX THIS PATHOLOGY. FAʻAMATALAGA: TUʻUINA O LE FX MA LE FAʻAMATALAGA FAAALOALALIA ASI FOCALHYPOATTENUATING LESION.
• FAʻAMATALAGA: FAʻAMATALAGA FAʻAMATALAGA FAʻAMATALAGA, PAINI, SAINI FAʻAMAITI / FILIFILI. RX: E TATAU ONA LĒ TALI LE TALOSAGA
• DDX: CELL CAUSIA / METS / ISI NEOPLASMSINTO SUTURES, EG, INFECTION ETC.

• MANDIBULAR FXS: COMMON. POTENTIALLYCONSIDEDED A OPEN FX D / T INTRA-ORALEXTENSION. 40% FOCAL BREAK DESPITEMANDIBLE I LE LUMAʻI. TULAFONO MUAMUA (ASSAULT) M / C MECHANISM
• PATHOLOGICAL FX D / T BONE NEOPLASMS, INFECTION ETC. IATROGENIC I LE TULAGA O LE PALOTA (TOOTH EXTRACTION)
• FAʻAALIGA: MANDIBLE X-RAYS, PANOREX, CT SCANNING ESP. I TULAGA OF ASSOCIATEDFACE / HEAD TRAUMA
• FAAMATALAGA: OBSTRUCTION AIRWAYE, O HEMOSASISO O SE SUʻESUʻEGA FAʻAVAE, TAMAITI I MANDIBULAR N, OSTEOMYELITIS / CELLULITIS AND SPREAD POTENTIAL BY THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH (LUDWIGANGINA) MA NECK FASCIAL SOFT TISSUES INTOMEDIASTINUM. E LE MAFAI ONA TALOSAINA I TOTONU O LE TOTOGI O LE TOTOGI MAUA.
• RX: VAEGA FAʻAALIGA VS. FUAFUAGA

Faʻapapa Iso i totonu o le Intracranial

• EPI AKA FUAFUAGA: (EDH) TRAUMATIC RAPTURE O MENINGEAL ARTERIES (MMA CLASSIC) MA LE FAʻATASI LELEI FAʻATASI HEMATOMA I LE FUA I LALOLAGI MA FUA I DURA. CT SCANNING O LE KI I DX: PERESENTS AS LENTIFORM IE BICONVEX COLLECTION OF ACute (HYPERDENSE) Toto E LE MAFAI ONA FESOASOANI MA FESOASOANI MA DDX O SE LALOLAGI HEMATOMA. CLINICALLY: HA, LUCID EPISODE INITIALLY AND DETERIORATING IN THE FATE HURS.COMPLICATIONS: BRAIN HERNIATION, CN PALSY. LE / O SE FUA TELE LELEI AFAI E VAVE FAI.
• HEMATOMA SUBDURA (SDH): FUAFUAGA O BRIDGINGVEINS I Totonu o DURA MA LE ARACHNOID. LELEI AʻO FAʻALELEIA TELE TINO. MAFAI ONA AʻOAʻOINA LE AUTALAVOU MATUTUA MA TUMAU MA I TAUSAGA UMA (MVA, PAʻO ATU.) MAFAI ONA FAIA I LE 'SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME`. O LE DX E MAFAI ONA TULAFONO MA FAʻALELEIA LE FUAFUAINA MA TAMAʻI MA TAMAITI. I LE ULUAʻI O LE ULUAI O TRAUMA E MAFAI ONA MATĀʻIA PE LE MAUA. FAʻOLEFIE MA CT E FAʻAGA SAUNIGA O SE FUAFUAGA FAʻAALIGA E MAFAI ONA SOSʻIA SUTURES AE FAʻATASIINA I MANATUNATUGA LELEI. ESEESE ESEESE I luga o CT D / T ESEESE ESEESE O LE TOTO: FAʻALELELE, FAʻAFEFIAʻIA, MA FAʻAALIGA. E MAFAI ONA FAIA SE FUAFUAGA-CYSTICHYGROMA. CLINICALLY: VARIABLE PRESENTATION, 45-60% PRESENT MA LE SEVERELY DEPRESSED CNS STATUS, PUPILLARY INEQUALITY. Masani MA FUAFUAGA O LE BRAIN INITIAL, ONA O SE TUSI LELEI AUA TUA FUA SAʻITELEINA. I 30% TUPE O FATAL PAIA MAFAI ONA PAIA SA I AI SDH. RX: FAATINO NEUROSURGICAL.

• FUAFUAGA FAʻAFAIGALUEGA (SAH): Toto I LE LALOLAGI O LE VAVA O SE FUA O LE TRAUMATIC PO LE FAʻAFIAFIA ETIOLOGY: BERRY ANEURYSMS I LALO O LALOLAGI O Willis.SAH 3% O MAʻAI, 5% O FAʻAFIʻAIGA FAAPITOA: Ulu na faʻamatalaina o se `` leaga HA INLIFE``. PT COLLAPSES MAY PE A LE MAFAI ONA OTI LE MAFUTAGA. PATHOGY: FESOASOANI Toto INSA SPACE 1) SUPRASELLAR CISORT WITH DIFFUSE PERIPHERAL EXTENSION, 2) IMPERIMESencesPHALIC, 3) FUA FUA FUA. TINO LE TINO I SA SPACE UNDERARTERIAL PRESSURE FAʻATELEINA LE FAʻATELEINA O LE LALOLAGI I LE FAʻATOMUAGA FAʻATUPE, O LE ISBEMIA MAUA O LE GLOBAL NA FAI E VASOSPASM MA ISI SUIGA.
• DX: IMAGING: FAʻAFAIGALUEGA O LE TUSI O LE MAUAINA O LE KONAFIA, O LE TALOSAGA O LE GALUEGA E MAFAI ONA FESOASOANI IA TALA LE 99% O LE SAH. LUMBAR PUNCTUREMAY FESOASOANI I LE TUUINA ATU. PE A mavae LE TUSI FAʻAMATALAGA: MR ANGIOGRAPHY FESOASOANI I LE MAUA LE LEA MA ISI TULAGA FAATINO
• FAʻAALIGA FAʻAMATALAGA: O LE NOFOAGA O LE NOFOAGA O HYPERDENSE ON CT. FAʻAMATALAGA I FESOʻOTAʻIGA: PERIMESENCEPHALIC, SUPELILE, VAEGA, VENTRICLES,
• RX: TULAFONO FAATINO MEDS ANTIHYPERTENSIVE, OSMOTIC AGENTS (MANNITOL) TO DECREASEICP. NOFOAGA FAʻAMALO MA ISI TAITAIGA.

CNS Neoplasms: Benign vs. Malignant

• FUAFUAGA TUSI REPRESENT 2% O KERISI UMA. LE TUSI TOLU LONA TAGATA, O LE MEA E METASTATIC FAASINO LAVA O LE TASI PAIA
• SAUNIGA FAʻAMATALAGA MA FUA AʻOAʻOGA CNS LELEI, Faʻateleina ICP, INTRACEREBRAL BLEEDING isi FAMILIALSYNDROMES: VON-HIPPEL-LANDAU, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS, TURCOT SYNDROME, NF1 & NF2 FAʻateleINA LE FAʻAFIAGA. I FANAU: M / C ASTROCYTOMAS, EPENDYMOMAS, PNETNEOPLASMS (EG MEDULLOBLASTOMA) ma isi. DX: FAʻavae I AI VASEGA.
• MATUA: M / C FUAFUA NEOPLASM: MENINGIOMA. M / C PERAIMERI: GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM) METSESPECIALLY MAI LUNG, MELANOMA, ANDAND BREAST.OTHERS: CNS LYMPHOMA
• FAʻAALIGA O LE FAʻAMATALAGA: FAʻAMATALAGA MUAMUA E MAFAI ONA FESOASOANI ASO, ICP SIGNS HA. FAAALIA E CT MA MRI I LE IV GADOLINIUM.
• FAʻAMATALAINA O TALOSAGA: INTRA-AXIAL VS. EXTRA-AXIALNEOPLASMS. METI MAI LE VAEGA MUAMUA NEOPLASMS MAYO CCUR VIA CSF MA LOTALESIA VAEGA VAEGA
• FAAMATALAGA AXIAL CT SLICE OF MENINGIOMA MA AVIDCONTRAST ENGLISHMENT.
• AXIAL MRI ON FLAIR PULSE SEQUENCE UA FAʻAALIA MAI LE NOFOAGA LELEI MA NA MAFAIINA CYTOTOXIC EDEMA O LE PEARI PARENCHYMA FUAFUAGA O LE GALIOMA IV GLIOMA (GBM) MA LE VAEGA LELEI MAUA. PEPA LONA TAULAGA TAULAGA: AXIAL MRI FLAIR: VAEGA METASASISI MAI LE VAEGA LELEI. O MELOMOMA E FESOASO MAI METASTASIZESTO LE VAEGA (VAAI I LE SPECIMEN PATI) MRI E MAFAI ONA TUSIA DIAGNOSTIC D / T SIGNALI I TOTONU T1 MA LE FAʻAFAIGALUEGA.
• RX: NEUROSURGICAL, RADIATION, CHEMOTHERAPY, IMIMUNOTHERAPY TEECHNIQUES O LOO FAAALIA

Inflammatory CNS Pathology

CNS Infection

• FUAFUAGA
• MYCOBACTERIAL
• FUNGAL
• VIRAL
• PARASITIC