Tu'u Falema'i Ta'aloga Manu'a Fa'aa'oa'oga ma Togafitiga Fa'aletino. Tagata taʻalo mai taʻaloga uma e mafai ona manuia mai togafitiga faʻasolosolo. O fetuutuunaiga e mafai ona fesoasoani i le togafitia o manu'a mai ta'aloga e maualuga le a'afiaga e pei ole pi'iga, soka, ma le hockey. O tagata afeleti e faia ni fetuunaiga masani e mafai ona matauina le faʻaleleia atili o taʻaloga afeleti, faʻaleleia le tele o gaioiga faʻatasi ai ma le fetuutuunai, ma faʻateleina le tafe toto. Talu ai o fetuunaiga o le ivi o le a faʻaitiitia ai le ita o aʻa neura i le va o le vertebrae, o le taimi faʻamalolo mai manuʻa laiti e mafai ona faʻapuʻupuʻu, lea e faʻaleleia ai le faʻatinoga. O tagata taʻalo maualuga ma maualalo-aʻafiaga e mafai ona faʻamanuiaina mai fetuunaiga masani ole tui.
Mo tagata ta'aalo maualuga, e fa'atuputeleina ai le fa'atinoga ma le fetuutuuna'i ma fa'aitiitia ai le lamatiaga o manu'a mo tagata ta'a'alo e maualalo le a'afiaga e pei o tagata ta'alo tenisi, ta'alo, ma tapolo. Chiropractic o se auala masani e togafitia ma puipuia ai manuʻa eseese ma tulaga e aʻafia ai tagata taʻalo. E tusa ai ma le Dr. Jimenez, o le tele o aʻoaʻoga poʻo le le lelei o mea faʻaoga, faʻatasi ai ma isi mea, o mafuaʻaga masani ia o manuʻa. Dr. Jimenez o loʻo aoteleina mafuaʻaga eseese ma aʻafiaga o manuʻa taʻaloga i luga o le tagata taʻalo faʻapea foʻi ma le faʻamatalaina o ituaiga o togafitiga ma auala toe faʻaleleia e mafai ona fesoasoani e faʻaleleia le tulaga o le tagata taʻalo. Mo nisi faʻamatalaga, faʻamolemole lagona le saoloto e faʻafesoʻotaʻi mai matou i le (915) 850-0900 poʻo le feau e valaʻau lava ia Dr. Jimenez i le (915) 540-8444.
For individuals who lift weights, are there ways to protect the wrists and prevent injuries when lifting weights?
Wrist Protection
The wrists are complex joints. The wrists significantly contribute to stability and mobility when performing tasks or lifting weights. They provide mobility for movements using the hands and stability to carry and lift objects securely and safely (National Library of Medicine, 2024). Lifting weights is commonly performed to strengthen and stabilize the wrists; however, these movements can cause wrist pain and lead to injuries if not performed correctly. Wrist protection can keep wrists strong and healthy and is key to avoiding strains and injuries.
Wrist Strength
The wrist joints are set between the hand and forearm bones. Wrists are aligned in two rows of eight or nine total small bones/carpal bones and are connected to the arm and hand bones by ligaments, while tendons connect the surrounding muscles to the bones. Wrist joints are condyloid or modified ball and socket joints that assist with flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements. (National Library of Medicine. 2024) This means the wrists can move in all planes of motion:
Side to side
Luga ma lalo
Suʻe
This provides a wide range of motion but can also cause excessive wear and tear and increase the risk of strain and injury. The muscles in the forearm and hand control finger movement necessary for gripping. These muscles and the tendons and ligaments involved run through the wrist. Strengthening the wrists will keep them mobile, help prevent injuries, and increase and maintain grip strength. In a review on weightlifters and powerlifters that examined the types of injuries they sustain, wrist injuries were common, with muscle and tendon injuries being the most common among weightlifters. (Ulrika Aasa et al., 2017)
Protecting the Wrists
Wrist protection can use a multi-approach, which includes consistently increasing strength, mobility, and flexibility to improve health and prevent injuries. Before lifting or engaging in any new exercise, individuals should consult their primary healthcare provider, physical therapist, trainer, medical specialist, or sports chiropractor to see which exercises are safe and provide benefits based on injury history and current level of health.
Faateleina le Siva
Mobility allows the wrists to have a full range of motion while retaining the stability necessary for strength and durability. Lack of mobility in the wrist joint can cause stiffness and pain. Flexibility is connected to mobility, but being overly flexible and lacking stability can lead to injuries. To increase wrist mobility, perform exercises at least two to three times a week to improve range of motion with control and stability. Also, taking regular breaks throughout the day to rotate and circle the wrists and gently pull back on the fingers to stretch them will help relieve tension and stiffness that can cause mobility problems.
Faamasani mai
Before working out, warm up the wrists and the rest of the body before working out. Start with light cardiovascular to get the synovial fluid in the joints circulating to lubricate the joints, allowing for smoother movement. For example, individuals can make fists, rotate their wrists, perform mobility exercises, flex and extend the wrists, and use one hand to pull back the fingers gently. Around 25% of sports injuries involve the hand or wrist. These include hyperextension injury, ligament tears, front-inside or thumb-side wrist pain from overuse injuries, extensor injuries, and others. (Daniel M. Avery 3rd et al., 2016)
Faamalolosia o Faatinoga
Strong wrists are more stable, and strengthening them can provide wrist protection. Exercises that improve wrist strength include pull-ups, deadlifts, loaded carries, and Zottman curls. Grip strength is vital for performing daily tasks, healthy aging, and continued success with weightlifting. (Richard W. Bohannon 2019) For example, individuals who have difficulty increasing the weight on their deadlifts because the bar slips from their hands could have insufficient wrist and grip strength.
wraps
Wrist wraps or grip-assisting products are worth considering for those with wrist issues or concerns. They can provide added external stability while lifting, reducing grip fatigue and strain on the ligaments and tendons. However, it is recommended not to rely on wraps as a cure-all measure and to focus on improving individual strength, mobility, and stability. A study on athletes with wrist injuries revealed that the injuries still occurred despite wraps being worn 34% of the time prior to the injury. Because most injured athletes did not use wraps, this pointed to potential preventative measures, but the experts agreed more research is needed. (Amr Tawfik et al., 2021)
Preventing Overuse Injuries
When an area of the body undergoes too many repetitive motions without proper rest, it becomes worn, strained, or inflamed faster, causing overuse injury. The reasons for overuse injuries are varied but include not varying workouts enough to rest the muscles and prevent strain. A research review on the prevalence of injuries in weightlifters found that 25% were due to overuse tendon injuries. (Ulrika Aasa et al., 2017) Preventing overuse can help avoid potential wrist problems.
Pepa Saʻo
Knowing how to perform movements correctly and using proper form during each workout/training session is essential for preventing injuries. A personal trainer, sports physiotherapist, or physical therapist can teach how to adjust grip or maintain correct form.
Be sure to see your provider for clearance before lifting or starting an exercise program. Injury Medical Faʻafefete and Functional Medicine Clinic can advise on training and prehabilitation or make a referral if one is needed.
Aasa, U., Svartholm, I., Andersson, F., & Berglund, L. (2017). Manu'a i le va o tagata si'isi'i mamafa ma fa'amalosi malosi: o se iloiloga fa'apitoa. British journal of sports medicine, 51(4), 211–219. doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096037
Avery, D. M., 3rd, Rodner, C. M., & Edgar, C. M. (2016). Sports-related wrist and hand injuries: a review. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 11(1), 99. doi.org/10.1186/s13018-016-0432-8
Bohannon R. W. (2019). Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults. Clinical interventions in aging, 14, 1681–1691. doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S194543
Tawfik, A., Katt, B. M., Sirch, F., Simon, M. E., Padua, F., Fletcher, D., Beredjiklian, P., & Nakashian, M. (2021). A Study on the Incidence of Hand or Wrist Injuries in CrossFit Athletes. Cureus, 13(3), e13818. doi.org/10.7759/cureus.13818
Mo tagata afeleti ma e fiafia i taʻaloga, o se triceps masaes e mafai ona avea ma se manuʻa tuga. E mafai e le iloaina o latou faʻaʻailoga, mafuaʻaga, tulaga lamatia, ma faʻalavelave faʻalavelave e fesoasoani i le au tausi soifua maloloina e atiaʻe se fuafuaga togafitiga lelei?
Manu'a Triceps
O le triceps o le maso i tua o le lima pito i luga e mafai ai ona faʻasaʻo le tulilima. O le mea e lelei ai, o loimata triceps e le masani ai, ae e mafai ona ogaoga. O le manu'a e a'afia ai tamaloloa i le tele o taimi nai lo fafine ma e masani lava ona tupu mai fa'alavelave, ta'aloga, ma/po'o fa'amalositino. Faʻalagolago i le tele ma le ogaoga o le manuʻa, o se manuʻa triceps ua saeia e mafai ona manaʻomia ai le faʻamalama, togafitiga faʻaletino, ma atonu o le taotoga e toe maua ai le gaioiga ma le malosi. Toe fa'aleleia pe a uma le triceps loimata e masani lava e tusa ma le ono masina. (O le Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. 2021)
Anatomy
O le musele triceps brachii, poʻo triceps, e tafe i tua o le lima pito i luga. Ua faaigoaina o le tolu- ona e tolu ona ulu - o le ulu umi, ogatotonu, ma le pito i tua. (Sendic G. 2023) O le triceps e afua mai i le tauau ma faʻapipiʻi i le tauau / scapula ma le ponaivi lima pito i luga / humerus. I le pito i lalo, e pipii i le pito o le tulilima. O le ponaivi lea i le itu piniki o le lima, ua ta'ua o le ulna. O le triceps e mafua ai le gaoioi i le tauau ma le sooga tulilima. I le tauau, e faia le faʻaopoopoga poʻo le agai i tua o le lima ma le faʻapipiʻiina poʻo le faʻaosoina o le lima agai i le tino. O le galuega autu a lenei maso o loʻo i luga o le tulilima, lea e faia ai le faʻalauteleina poʻo le faʻasaʻo o le tulilima. O le triceps e galue i le faʻafeagai o le musele biceps i luma o le lima pito i luga, lea e faʻatautaia ai le faʻamalosi poʻo le punou o le tulilima.
Triceps Tear
O loimata e mafai ona tupu i soo se mea i le umi o le maso poʻo le tendon, o le fausaga lea e faʻapipiʻi ai le maso i ponaivi. O loimata triceps e masani ona tupu i le tendon e faʻafesoʻotaʻi le triceps i tua o le tulilima. O loimata o maso ma tendon e fa'avasega mai le 1 i le 3 fa'atatau i le mamafa. (Alberto Grassi et al., 2016)
Vasega 1 Malu
O nei loimata laiti e mafua ai le tiga e faateteleina pe a gaoioi.
O lo'o i ai sina fulafula, toto'a, ma itiiti le leiloa o galuega.
Vasega 2 Auala
O nei loimata e tetele ma e feololo le fula ma le manu'a.
O alava ua masae se vaega ma falo.
E oʻo atu i le 50% leiloa o galuega.
Vasega 3 Tele
O le ituaiga sili ona leaga o loimata, lea e matua masaesa ai le maso poʻo le tendon.
O nei manu'a e mafua ai le tiga matuia ma le le atoatoa.
O auga
O loimata o le triceps e mafua ai le tiga vave i tua o le tulilima ma le lima pito i luga e faʻateteleina pe a taumafai e faʻanofo le tulilima. E mafai fo'i e tagata ta'ito'atasi ona lagona ma/pe fa'alogoina se lagona o le pa'i po'o le sae. O le a fula, ma o le a ono mumu le pa'u ma/po'o manu'a. Faatasi ai ma se vaega o loimata, o le a lagona le vaivai o le lima. Afai o loʻo i ai se loimata atoa, o le ai ai se vaivaiga tele pe a faʻasaʻo le tulilima. E mafai fo'i e tagata ta'ito'atasi ona mātauina se fa'aputu i tua o latou lima lea na fa'amau ai maso ma nonoa fa'atasi.
Mafuaaga
O loimata o le triceps e masani lava ona tupu i le taimi o manuʻa, pe a faʻamaʻi le maso ma o se malosi mai fafo e tuleia ai le tulilima i se tulaga punou. (Kyle Casadei et al., 2020) O se tasi o mafuaʻaga masani o le paʻu i luga o se lima faʻaloaloa. O loimata triceps e tupu foi i taimi o taʻaloga e pei o:
Togiina o se pesipolo
Poloka i se taaloga soka
faʻamālosi tino
fusuaga
Pe a pa'u se tagata taalo ma tu i luga o lona lima.
E mafai foi ona tupu loimata pe a faʻaaoga mea mamafa i taimi o faʻamalositino e faʻatatau i le triceps, e pei o le lomitusi nofoa.
E mafai fo'i ona maligi loimata mai manu'a tuusa'o i le maso, e pei o se fa'alavelave tau ta'avale, ae e le masani ai.
Taimi umi
O loimata triceps e mafai ona tupu i le aluga o taimi ona o le tendonitis. O lenei tulaga e masani ona tupu mai le faʻaaogaina faifaipea o le maso triceps i taimi o gaioiga e pei o le galue lima poʻo le faʻamalositino. Triceps tendonitis e taʻua i nisi taimi o le tulilima o le siisii mamafa. (Orthopedic & Spine Center. ND) O le tiga i tendon e mafua ai ni loimata laiti e masani ona faamaloloina e le tino. Ae peita'i, afai e tele atu le tiga e tu'u i luga o le tendon nai lo le mea e mafai ona fa'afetaui ai, e mafai ona amata tupu a'e nai loimata laiti.
Faʻamatalaga Faʻatau
O a'afiaga fa'alavelave e mafai ona fa'atupula'ia ai le lamatiaga o le ma'ea triceps. O tulaga fa'alesoifua maloloina e mafai ona fa'avaivaia ai tendon, fa'ateleina le lamatiaga o manu'a, ma e mafai ona aofia ai: (Tony Mangano et al., 2015)
tiapetika
gugu Rheumatoid
Hyperparathyroidism
Lupus
Xanthoma - ga'o ga'o o lo'o teuina i lalo ole pa'u.
Hemangioendothelioma – kanesa po'o tuma e le o se kanesa e mafua mai i le tuputupu a'e fa'aletonu o sela o le toto.
Fa'aletonu fatuga'o tumau
Tendonitis tumau po'o le bursitis i le tulilima.
Tagata ta'ito'atasi na maua ni tui o le cortisone i le tendon.
Tagata taʻitoʻatasi e faʻaaogaina anabolic steroids.
O loimata triceps e masani ona tupu i tama i le va o le 30 ma le 50. (Ortho Bullets. 2022) E sau lenei mea mai le auai i gaoioiga e pei o le soka, siisii mamafa, fau tino, ma le galue lima, lea e faʻateleina ai le lamatiaga o manuʻa.
faiga
Togafitiga e fa'alagolago i le vaega o le triceps e a'afia ma le tele o le fa'aleagaina. Atonu e na'o le malolo mo ni nai vaiaso, togafitiga fa'aletino, pe mana'omia se taotoga.
Le mautonu
O loimata o vaega o triceps e aofia ai le itiiti ifo i le 50% o le tendon e masani ona togafitia e aunoa ma se taotoga. (Mehmet Demirhan, Ali Ersen 2016) O togafitiga muamua e aofia ai:
O le sasaina o le tulilima ma sina pi'o itiiti mo le fa i le ono vaiaso e mafai ai ona faʻamalolo le aano manuʻa. (Ortho Bullets. 2022)
I le taimi lea, e mafai ona faʻapipiʻi le aisa i le vaega mo le 15 i le 20 minute i le tele o taimi i aso taitasi e fesoasoani e faʻaitiitia ai le tiga ma le fula.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/NSAIDs - Aleve, Advil, ma Bayer e mafai ona fesoasoani e faʻaitiitia le mumū.
O isi vaila'au fa'atau e pei ole Tylenol e mafai ona fesoasoani e fa'aitiitia le tiga.
O le taimi lava e aveese ai le tui, o le a fesoasoani togafitiga faʻaletino e toe faʻafoʻisia le gaioiga ma le malosi i le tulilima.
O le gaioiga atoa e faʻamoemoe e toe foʻi i totonu o le 12 vaiaso, ae o le a le toe foʻi mai le malosi atoa seia oʻo i le ono i le iva masina talu ona manuʻa. (Mehmet Demirhan, Ali Ersen 2016)
Togafitiga
O loimata triceps e aofia ai le sili atu i le 50% o le tendon e manaʻomia se taotoga. I nisi tulaga, e ui i lea, e mafai lava ona fautuaina le taotoga mo loimata e laʻititi ifo i le 50% pe afai o loʻo i ai i le tagata se galuega e manaʻomia le tino pe fuafua e toe taʻalo i taʻaloga i se tulaga maualuga. Loimata i le manava musele po'o le vaega o lo'o fa'atasi ai le maso ma le tendon e masani ona su'i fa'atasi. Afai ua le toe pipii le tendon i le ponaivi, e toe vili i luga. Toe fa'aleleia ma togafitiga fa'aletino pe a uma le taotoga e fa'alagolago i fa'atonuga a le foma'i tipitipi fa'apitoa. I se tulaga lautele, o le a faʻaalu e tagata taʻitoʻatasi ni nai vaiaso i totonu o se fusi. Pe a ma le fa vaiaso talu ona uma le taotoga, o le a mafai e tagata taʻitoʻatasi ona toe amata faʻagaoioi le tulilima. Peita'i, o le a le mafai ona latou amata faia si'isi'i mamafa mo le fa i le ono masina. (Ortho Bullets. 2022) (Mehmet Demirhan, Ali Ersen 2016)
Faʻaiʻuga
E mafai ona tupu fa'alavelave pe a uma ona toe fa'aleleia triceps, pe na iai se taotoga pe leai. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, e mafai e tagata taʻitoʻatasi ona iai ni faʻafitauli e toe maua ai le atoatoa tulivae fa'aopoopoga po'o le fa'asa'o. O lo'o i ai fo'i i latou i se tulaga maualuga atu o le toe gau pe a latou taumafai e fa'aoga le lima a'o le'i fa'amalolo atoatoa. (Mehmet Demirhan, Ali Ersen 2016)
Chiropractic Tausiga mo Fa'amalologa pe a uma Fa'alavelave
Grassi, A., Quaglia, A., Canata, GL, & Zaffagnini, S. (2016). O se faʻafouga i le faʻavasegaina o manuʻa maso: o se iloiloga faʻamatalaga mai le falemaʻi i faiga faʻapitoa. Sootaga, 4(1), 39–46. doi.org/10.11138/jts/2016.4.1.039
Casadei, K., Kiel, J., & Freidl, M. (2020). Triceps Tendon Manua. Lipoti o vailaau ta'aloga o lo'o iai nei, 19(9), 367–372. doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000749
Mangano, T., Cerruti, P., Repetto, I., Trentini, R., Giovale, M., & Franchin, F. (2015). Chronic Tendonopathy e avea o se Mafuaaga Tulaga o Non Traumatic Triceps Tendon Tendon Rupture i se (Risk Factors Free) Bodybuilder: O se Lipoti o Mataupu. Journal of Orthopedic case reports, 5(1), 58–61. doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.257
O tagata ta'ito'atasi e auai i fa'agaioiga fa'aletino ma ta'aloga e ono mafatia i le ma'e o le tendon Achilles. E mafai ona fesoasoani le malamalama i fa'ailoga ma lamatiaga i togafitiga ma toe fa'afo'i vave le tagata i a latou ta'aloga?
Tendon Achilles
Ole manu'a masani lea e tupu pe a masae le tendon o lo'o pipi'i le musele o le tama'i povi i le mulivae.
E uiga i le Tendon
O le tendon Achilles o le tendon sili ona tele i le tino.
I ta'aloga ma fa'agaioiga fa'aletino, o gaioiga fa'apapa malosi e pei o le tamo'e, tamo'e, vave suia tulaga, ma oso i luga ole Achilles.
O le manu'a e masani ona tupu e aunoa ma se feso'ota'iga po'o se feto'ai ae o le tamo'e, amata, taofi, ma le tosoina o gaioiga e tu'u i luga o vae.
O nisi vaila'au fa'ama'i ma tui cortisone e mafai ona fa'atuputeleina ai le fa'atupuina o manu'a a Achilles.
O se vailaʻau faʻapitoa, fluoroquinolones, ua faʻaalia e faʻateleina ai le lamatiaga o faʻafitauli o le tendon Achilles.
E fesoʻotaʻi foʻi faʻamaʻi Cortisone ma loimata Achilles, o le mea lea e le fautuaina ai e le tele o tausi soifua maloloina le cortisone mo Achilles tendonitis. (Anne L. Stephenson et al., 2013)
O auga
O le masae po'o le gau o tendon e mafua ai le tiga fa'afuase'i i tua o le tapuvae.
E mafai e tagata taʻitoʻatasi ona faʻalogo i se pop poʻo se mailei ma masani ona lipotia le lagona o loʻo kiki i le tamai povi poʻo le mulivae.
E faigata i tagata taitoatasi ona tusi i lalo o latou tamatamaivae.
O tagata ta'ito'atasi e mafai ona fula ma manu'a faataamilo i le uaua.
O le a su'esu'e e se tausi soifua maloloina le tapuvae mo le fa'aauauina o le tendon.
O le oomiina o le maso o le tama'i povi e tatau ona fa'aoso ai le vae e fa'asino i lalo, ae i tagata ta'ito'atasi ma loimata, o le a le minoi le vae, e maua ai i'uga lelei i le Su'ega a Thompson.
E masani ona lagona se faaletonu i le tendon pe a uma se loimata.
E mafai ona fa'aoga x-ray e taofiofia ai isi tulaga, e aofia ai le gau o tapuvae po'o le gugu tapuvae.
O vailaʻau faʻamaʻi Fluoroquinolone e masani ona faʻaaogaina mo togafitiga o faʻamaʻi manava, faʻamaʻi pipisi o le urinary, ma faʻamaʻi siama. O nei vailaau faʻamaʻi e fesoʻotaʻi ma le gau o le tendon Achilles, ae e manaʻomia nisi suʻesuʻega e iloa ai pe faʻafefea ona aafia ai le tendon Achilles. O tagata ta'ito'atasi o lo'o inuina nei vaila'au e fautuaina e mafaufau i se isi vaila'au pe a amata ona tupu fa'afitauli o le tendon Achilles. (Anne L. Stephenson et al., 2013)
faiga
Faʻalagolago i le ogaoga o le manuʻa, o togafitiga e mafai ona aofia ai ni faʻataʻitaʻiga e le o ni taotoga poʻo se taotoga.
O le aoga o le taotoga e masani lava ona itiiti le immobilization.
E masani ona vave toe foʻi tagata taʻitoʻatasi i taʻaloga, ma e itiiti le avanoa e toe gau ai le tendon.
Thevendran, G., Sarraf, KM, Patel, NK, Sadri, A., & Rosenfeld, P. (2013). O le gau Achilles tendon: o se vaaiga lautele o loʻo iai nei mai le biology o le gau i togafitiga. Ta'otoga musculoskeletal, 97(1), 9–20. doi.org/10.1007/s12306-013-0251-6
Stephenson, AL, Wu, W., Cortes, D., & Rochon, PA (2013). Manu'a o le Tendon ma le Fluoroquinolone Fa'aoga: O se Iloiloga Fa'atonu. Saogalemu o fualaau faasaina, 36(9), 709–721. doi.org/10.1007/s40264-013-0089-8
Pedowitz, D., & Kirwan, G. (2013). Ta'e tendon Achilles. Iloiloga o loʻo iai nei i vailaʻau musculoskeletal, 6(4), 285-293. doi.org/10.1007/s12178-013-9185-8
Yasui, Y., Tonogai, I., Rosenbaum, AJ, Shimozono, Y., Kawano, H., & Kennedy, JG (2017). Le lamatiaga o le gau o le tendon Achilles i tagata mamaʻi ma Achilles Tendinopathy: Suʻesuʻega Faʻamaumauga a le Soifua Maloloina i le Iunaite Setete. BioMed su'esu'ega fa'avaomalo, 2017, 7021862. doi.org/10.1155/2017/7021862
Mo tagata taʻitoʻatasi i taʻaloga, faʻamalosi tino, ma i latou e auai i gaioiga faʻaletino, o manuʻa musculoskeletal e taatele. E mafai ona fesoasoani le fa'aogaina o le lipine aisa i le vaega muamua po'o le tu'i o le manu'a e fa'aitiitia ai le fula ma le fula e fa'avave ai le toe fa'aleleia ma toe fo'i vave i gaioiga?
Tape Aisa
A maeʻa se manuʻa musculoskeletal, e fautuaina tagata taʻitoʻatasi e mulimuli i le R.I.C.E. auala e fesoasoani e faʻaitiitia le fula ma le mumū. R.I.C.E. o le acronym mo Malologa, Aisa, Compression, ma Elevation. (Michigan Medicine. Iunivesite o Michigan. 2023) O le malulu e fesoasoani e faʻaitiitia ai le tiga, faʻaitiitia le vevela o le tino, ma faʻaitiitia le fula i tafatafa o le nofoaga o le manuʻa. E ala i le puleaina o le fulafula i le aisa ma le faʻamalosi vave pe a maeʻa manuʻa, e mafai e tagata taʻitoʻatasi ona faʻatumauina le tulaga talafeagai o le gaioiga ma le feʻaveaʻi i le vaega o le tino manua. (Jon E. Block. 2010) E eseese auala e faʻaoga ai le aisa i se manuʻa.
Taga aisa fa'atau ma pusa malulu.
Fa'asusu le vaega o le tino ua manu'a i totonu o se asiosio malulu po o se tapu.
Faia o pusa aisa toe fa'aaogaina.
E mafai ona fa'aoga fa'atasi ma le aisa se fusi fa'amalosi.
Tape Aisa ose fusi fa'amalosi e maua ai togafitiga malulu i le taimi e tasi. A maeʻa se manuʻa, faʻaaogaina e mafai ona fesoasoani e faʻaitiitia le tiga ma le fula i le taimi o le faʻamaʻi tigaina o le faʻamalolo. (Matthew J. Kraeutler et al., 2015)
Auala e galue ai le lipine
O le lipine o se fusi fetu'utu'una'i lea e fa'apipi'i i le gel fa'amalo fa'amalolo. Pe a faʻaoga i se vaega o le tino manuʻa ma faʻaalia i le ea, e faʻagaoioia le gel, faʻatupuina se lagona malulu i le eria. Ole a'afiaga fa'afoma'i e mafai ona tumau ile lima ile ono itula. Faʻatasi ma se fusi faʻafesoʻotaʻi, e maua ai togafitiga aisa ma faʻamalosi. E mafai ona fa'aoga sa'o le lipine aisa mai le afifi ae mafai fo'i ona teu i totonu o le pusaaisa e fa'ateleina ai le malulu. Fa'alagolago i fa'atonuga a le fai mea, e le tatau ona teuina le lipine i totonu o le pusaaisa ona e faigata tele ona afifi i le vaega na manu'a.
tulaga lelei
O faʻamanuiaga e aofia ai mea nei:
Faigofie e Faaaoga
O le oloa e faigofie ona faʻaoga.
Aveese le lipine, ma amata ona afifi i le vaega o le tino ua manu'a.
E le mana'omia ni fa'amau
O le afifi e pipii ia te ia lava, o lea e tumau ai le lipine e aunoa ma le faʻaogaina o kilipa poʻo ni faʻamau.
Faigofie e tipi
O le lola masani e 48 inisi le umi ae 2 inisi le lautele.
O le tele o manu'a e mana'omia le lava e afifi ai le vaega na manu'a.
E tipi e seleulu le aofaʻi saʻo e manaʻomia, ma teu isi mea i totonu o le ato e mafai ona toe faʻamau.
Toe faʻaaoga
A maeʻa le 15 i le 20 minute ole faʻaoga, e mafai ona faigofie ona aveese le oloa, taʻavale, teu i totonu o le ato, ma toe faʻaaoga.
O le lipine e mafai ona faʻaaogaina i le tele o taimi.
O le lipine e amata ona leiloa lona tulaga malulu pe a uma ona fa'aoga.
ma 'aveina
E le mana'omia ona tu'u le lipine i totonu o se pusaaisa pe a faimalaga.
E faigofie ona feaveaʻi ma lelei mo se aisa vave ma faʻapipiʻi faʻaoga vave pe a maeʻa se manuʻa.
E mafai ona fa'aitiitia ai le tiga ma le fula ma teu i fale faigaluega.
tulaga le lelei
O nai mea le lelei e aofia ai mea nei:
Le manogi Vailaau
O le gel i luga o le afifi fetuutuunai e mafai ona i ai se manogi manogi.
E le malosi tele lona manogi e pei o kulimi tiga, ae o le manogi vaila'au e mafai ona fa'alavelave ai nisi tagata.
Atonu e le lava le maalili
O le lipine e galue mo le vave faʻamalolo tiga ma le mumū, ae atonu e le lava le malulu mo le tagata faʻaoga pe a faʻaoga saʻo mai le afifi ile vevela potu.
Ae ui i lea, e mafai ona tuʻu i totonu o le pusaaisa e faʻateleina ai le malulu ma e mafai ona maua ai se togafitiga sili atu le malulu, aemaise lava mo i latou e feagai ma tendinitis poʻo le bursitis.
O le Pi'ipi'i e mafai ona fa'alavelave
O le lipine atonu e fai si pipii mo nisi.
O lenei mea pipii e mafai ona avea ma se fa'alavelave la'ititi.
Ae ui i lea, e na o le lagona pipii pe a faʻaaogaina.
E mafai ona tu'ua ni fasi fui o le gel pe a aveese.
E mafai foi ona pipii le lipine aisa i lavalava.
Mo tagata ta'ito'atasi o lo'o su'e se togafiti fa'amalulu fa'atopetope mo vaega o le tino manu'a po'o tiga, aisa lipine atonu o se filifiliga. Atonu e lelei le i ai i le lima e tuʻuina atu le faʻamalosi faʻamafanafana pe a tupu se manuʻa laʻititi aʻo auai i afeleti poʻo gaioiga faʻaletino ma faʻamalologa mo le faʻaogaina tele poʻo le faʻasolosolo o manuʻa tiga.
Block J. E. (2010). Malulu ma faʻamalosi i le puleaina o manuʻa musculoskeletal ma faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻapitoa: o se iloiloga faʻamatalaga. Open access journal of sports medicine, 1, 105–113. doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s11102
Kraeutler, M. J., Reynolds, K. A., Long, C., & McCarty, E. C. (2015). Cryotherapy Compressive versus aisa-o se suʻesuʻega faʻamoemoeina, suʻesuʻega faʻafuaseʻi i tiga pe a maeʻa le taotoga o tagata mamaʻi o loʻo feagai ma le faʻaleleia o le arthroscopic rotator cuff poʻo le subacromial decompression. Tusitala o le taotoga o le tauau ma le tulilima, 24(6), 854–859. doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2015.02.004
Mo tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo aʻafia i se manua o le turf toe, pe mafai e le iloaina o faʻamaoniga e fesoasoani i tagata taʻalo ma tagata e le o ni tagata taʻalo i togafitiga, taimi toe faʻaleleia, ma toe foʻi i gaoioiga?
Manu'a Tama'ivae
O le manu'a o vae vae e a'afia ai ivi vaivai ma tendon i lalo ole tamatama'ivae i lalo ole vae. O lenei tulaga e masani lava ona tupu pe a oʻo i luga le tamatamaivae / faʻamalosi i luga, e pei o le polo o le vae i luga o le eleele ma sii i luga le mulivae. (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. 2021) O le manuʻa e taatele i tagata taʻalo e taʻalo i taʻaloga i luga o le gaʻo faʻapitoa, o le auala lea na maua ai le igoa o le manua. Ae ui i lea, e mafai foi ona aʻafia ai tagata e le o ni tagata taʻalo, pei o tagata taʻitoʻatasi o loʻo galulue i luga o latou vae i le aso atoa.
O le taimi e toe fa'aleleia ai pe a mae'a manu'a turf toe fa'alagolago i le ogaoga ma le ituaiga o gaioiga e fuafua le tagata e toe fo'i i ai.
Toe fo'i i ta'aloga maualuga pe a mae'a se manu'a tuga e ono alu ai le ono masina.
O nei manu'a e eseese i le ogaoga ae e masani ona faʻaleleia i togafitiga faʻasao. I tulaga ogaoga, e ono mana'omia se taotoga.
O le tiga o le mataupu muamua lea e taofia ai gaioiga faʻaletino pe a maeʻa le manua o le vasega 1, ae o le vasega 2 ma le 3 e mafai ona faʻaalu vaiaso i masina e faʻamalolo atoatoa ai.
uiga
O se manu'a o tamatamaivae e faasino i le a metatarsophalangeal tigaina sooga sooga. O lenei sooga e aofia ai ligaments e faʻafesoʻotaʻi le ponaivi i luga o le alofivae, i lalo ifo o le vae matua / proximal phalanx, i ponaivi e faʻafesoʻotaʻi tamatamaivae i ponaivi tetele i vae / metatarsals. O le manu'a e masani lava ona mafua mai i le hyperextension e masani ona mafua mai i le tulei ese, pei o le tamoe poʻo le osooso.
O sooga vaivai e mafai ona taʻu mai ai o loʻo i ai se faʻalavelave.
faʻautaga maʻi
Afai e iai ni fa'ailoga o le turf toe, va'ai se tausi soifua maloloina mo se su'esu'ega talafeagai ina ia mafai ai ona latou faia se fuafuaga fa'apitoa mo togafitiga. O le a latou faia se suʻega faʻaletino e iloilo ai le tiga, fula, ma le tele o gaioiga. (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. 2021) Afai e masalomia e le tausi soifua maloloina le faaleagaina o le tino, e mafai ona latou fautuaina le faʻataʻitaʻiga i X-ray ma (MRI) e faʻavasega ai le manuʻa ma fuafua le ala saʻo e fai.
Malolo – Aloese mai gaioiga e faateteleina ai auga. E mafai ona aofia ai le fa'aogaina o se masini fesoasoani e pei o se seevae savali po'o tootoo e fa'aitiitia ai le mamafa.
Aisa – Fa'aaoga le aisa mo le 20 minute, ona fa'atali lea mo le 40 minute a'o le'i toe fa'aaoga.
Fa'amalosi - Afi le tamatama'ivae ma le vae i se fusi fa'amau e lagolago ma fa'aitiitia le fula.
Si'itia - Fa'amau le vae i luga a'e o le fatu e fesoasoani e fa'aitiitia le fula.
Vasega 1
Vasega 1 turf toe fa'avasegaina i aano vaivai fa'aloloa, tiga, ma fula. Togafitiga e mafai ona aofia ai: (Ali-Asgar Najefi et al., 2018)
Vasega 2 ma le 3 e o'o mai ma le saeia o le tino, tiga ogaoga, ma le fula. Togafitiga mo tamatamaivae sili atu ona ogaoga e mafai ona aofia ai: (Ali-Asgar Najefi et al., 2018)
Fa'atapula'aina le mamafa
Fa'aaogā masini fesoasoani e pei o tootoo, se seevae savali, po'o se lafo.
O togafitiga faʻaletino e aofia ai foʻi faʻamalositino ma faʻamalositino aʻoaʻoga faʻamalositino, orthotics, ma le ofuina o seevae fautuaina mo gaioiga faʻapitoa. (Lisa Chinn, Jay Hertel. 2010)
E mafai foi e se fomaʻi faʻapitoa ona fesoasoani e faʻamautinoa e le toe foʻi le tagata i gaioiga faʻaletino aʻo leʻi faʻamalolo atoatoa le manua ma puipuia ai le lamatiaga o le toe faʻaleagaina.
Vasega 1 - Fa'atatau ona e eseese e fa'atatau i le fa'apalepale o le tagata i le tiga.
Vasega 2 - Fa i le ono vaiaso o le le mafai ona gaoioi.
Vasega 3 - Valu vaiaso le maualalo o le le mafai ona gaoioi.
E mafai ona o'o ile ono masina e toe fo'i ile galuega masani.
Toe Foi i Gaoioiga masani
A mae'a se manu'a o le vae 1, e mafai e tagata ta'ito'atasi ona toe fo'i i gaioiga masani pe a uma ona pulea le tiga. Vasega 2 ma le 3 e umi se taimi e fa'amalolo ai. O le toe fo'i i ta'aloga pe a mae'a se manu'a i le vasega 2 e mafai ona alu pe tusa o le lua pe tolu masina, ae o manu'a o le vasega 3 ma mataupu e mana'omia ai se taotoga e o'o atu i le ono masina. (Ali-Asgar Najefi et al., 2018)
Taaloga Taofia Taʻaloga
mau faasino
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. (2021). Turf toe.
American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Fa'amatalaga mo le Soifua Maloloina o Vae. (2023). RICE protocol.
Najefi, AA, Jeyaseelan, L., & Welck, M. (2018). Turf toe: O se faʻafouga falemaʻi. EFORT tatala iloiloga, 3(9), 501–506. doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.3.180012
Pinter, ZW, Farnell, CG, Huntley, S., Patel, HA, Peng, J., McMurtrie, J., Ray, JL, Naranje, S., & Shah, AB (2020). I'uga o le Toe Fa'aleleia o Tama'i Tu'uvae Fa'ata'ita'i i le faitau aofa'i o tagata e le o ni tagata ta'alo: O se Su'esu'ega Toe Iloilo. Tusitala Initia o foma'i fa'apitoa, 54(1), 43–48. doi.org/10.1007/s43465-019-00010-8
Chinn, L., & Hertel, J. (2010). Toe fa'aleleia o manu'a tapuvae ma vae i tagata ta'aalo. Falemai i vailaau ta'aloga, 29(1), 157–167. doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2009.09.006
O tagata afeleti ma tagata malolosi faaletino o loʻo auai i gaoioiga, faʻamalositino, ma taʻaloga e aofia ai le kiki, pivoting, ma / poʻo le fesuiaʻiina o faʻatonuga e mafai ona atiaʻe le faʻaogaina o le pelvis manuʻa o le pubic symphysis / sooga i luma o le pelvis e taʻua o le osteitis pubis. E mafai e le iloaina o auga ma mafua'aga ona fesoasoani i togafitiga ma puipuiga?
Manu'a Osteitis Pubis
Osteitis pubis o le mumū o le sooga e fesoʻotaʻi ai ponaivi pelvic, e taʻua o le pelvic symphysis, ma fausaga o loʻo siomia ai. O le pubic symphysis o se sooga i luma ma lalo ole tami. E taofi fa'atasi itu e lua o le pelvis i luma. O le pubis symphysis e itiiti lava le gaioi, ae a tu'u le fa'alavelave po'o le fa'aauau pea o le fa'alavelave i luga o le sooga, e mafai ona o'o mai le tiga o le ga'o ma le pelvic. Ole manu'a ole osteitis pubis ose manu'a masani ole fa'aogaina o tagata ta'ito'atasi ma tagata ta'aalo ae e mafai fo'i ona tupu ona ole manu'a fa'aletino, ma'itaga, ma/po'o le fanau mai.
O auga
Ole fa'ailoga masani ole tiga ile pito i luma ole pelvis. O le tiga e masani ona lagona i le ogatotonu, ae atonu e sili atu le tiga o le tasi itu nai lo le isi itu. O le tiga e masani ona susulu / sosolo atu i fafo. O isi fa'ailoga ma fa'ailoga e aofia ai: (Patrick Gomella, Patrick Mufarrij. 2017)
O le tiga pito i lalo ole manava ile ogatotonu ole pelvis
Tapulaʻa
Lagolago ma/po'o vae vaivai
Faigata e aʻe i luga o faasitepu
Tiga pe a savali, tamo'e, ma/po'o fesuia'i itu
Kiliki po'o pa'i leo i le gaioiina po'o pe a fesuia'i itu
Tiga pe a taoto i le itu
Tiga pe a mafatua pe tale
Osteitis pubis e mafai ona fenumiai ma isi manu'a, e aofia ai le toso o le groin/groin tos, o le inguinal hernia sa'o, ilioinguinal neuralgia, po'o le gau o le pelvic stress fracture.
Mafuaaga
Ole manu'a ole osteitis pubis e masani ona tupu pe a fa'aalia le sooga symphysis ile tele, faʻaauau, faʻalavelave faʻatonu ma le faʻaogaina o musele o le suilapalapa ma vae. O mafuaʻaga e aofia ai: (Patrick Gomella, Patrick Mufarrij. 2017)
Taaloga Taaloga
Faaaogaina
Toto ma fanau
Manu'a o le pelvic pei o se pa'u matuia
faʻautaga maʻi
O le manuʻa e faʻamaonia e faʻatatau i suʻega faʻaletino ma suʻega ata. O isi su'ega e mafai ona fa'aoga e fa'ate'a ai isi fa'atupu.
O le su'ega fa'aletino o le a aofia ai le fa'aogaina o le suilapalapa e tu'u ai le fa'alavelave i luga o maso o le ogalaau o le rectus abdominis ma vaega maso o le suilapalapa.
O le tiga i le taimi o le togafiti o se faailoga masani o le tulaga.
E ono fa'atonu tagata ta'ito'atasi e savavali e su'e ni fa'aletonu i le gait patterns po'o le va'ai fo'i pe fa'aalia ni fa'ailoga i ni gaioiga patino.
X-ave e masani lava ona fa'aalia ai fa'aletonu fa'atasi fa'apea ma le sclerosis/fa'amalo o le pubic symphysis.
Fa'ailoga fa'amagnetic resonance - MRI e mafai ona fa'aalia ai le fula o ponaivi fa'atasi ma ponaivi.
O nisi tulaga o le a leai ni fa'ailoga o manu'a ile X-ray po'o le MRI.
faiga
O togafitiga lelei e mafai ona umi ni masina pe sili atu. Ona o le mumū o le mafuaʻaga autu lea o faʻamaoniga, o togafitiga e masani ona aofia ai: (Tricia Beatty. 2012)
Malologa
Fa'ataga le fula ma'i e fa'aitiitia.
I le taimi o le toe faʻaleleia, e mafai ona fautuaina le moe i luga o le tua e faʻaitiitia ai le tiga.
Talosaga o le aisa ma le vevela
O pusa aisa e fesoasoani e fa'aitiitia le mumu.
O le vevela e fesoasoani e faʻamama ai le tiga pe a uma le fula muamua.
Faaletino Faaletino
O togafitiga faʻale-tino e mafai ona fesoasoani tele i le togafitia o le tulaga e fesoasoani e toe maua ai le malosi ma le fetuutuunai. (Alessio Giai Via, et al., 2019)
Vailaau fa'ama'i
O vaila'au fa'ato'a fa'ama'i e le fa'ama'i fa'atau - NSAIDs pei o le ibuprofen ma le naproxen e mafai ona fa'aitiitia ai le tiga ma le mumū.
Meafaigaluega Savali Fesoasoani
Afai e ogaoga fa'ailoga, tootoo po'o se tootoo e mafai ona fautuaina e fa'aitiitia ai le fa'alavelave i le pelvis.
Cortisone
Sa i ai taumafaiga e togafitia le tulaga i tui cortisone, ae o faʻamaoniga e lagolagoina lona faʻaogaina e faʻatapulaʻa ma e manaʻomia nisi suʻesuʻega. (Alessio Giai Via, et al., 2019)
Suʻega
O le taimi lava e maua ai, o le faʻaaliga mo le toe faʻaleleia atoatoa e sili ona lelei ae e mafai ona umi se taimi. Atonu e ono masina pe sili atu nisi tagata e toe fo'i i le tulaga o galuega a'o le'i manu'a, ae o le tele e toe fo'i pe a ma le tolu masina. Afai e le mafai ona maua se toomaga pe a uma le ono masina, e mafai ona fautuaina le taotoga. (Michael Dirkx, Christopher Vitale. 2023)
Taʻaloga Taʻaloga Toe Faʻaleleia
mau faasino
Gomella, P., & Mufarrij, P. (2017). Osteitis pubis: Ose mafua'aga seasea o le tiga suprapubic. Iloiloga i urology, 19(3), 156–163. doi.org/10.3909/riu0767
Via, AG, Frizziero, A., Finotti, P., Oliva, F., Randelli, F., & Maffulli, N. (2018). Puleaina o le osteitis pubis i tagata taʻalo: toe faʻaleleia ma toe foʻi i aʻoaʻoga - o se toe iloiloga o tusitusiga sili ona lata mai. Open access journal of sports medicine, 10, 1–10. doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S155077
Dirkx M, Vitale C. Osteitis Pubis. [Fa'afou 2022 Tesema 11]. I totonu: StatPearls [Initaneti]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Ian-. Avanoa mai: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556168/
O le Q po'o le quadriceps angle o se fuataga o le lautele o le pelvic lea e talitonuina e saofagā i le lamatiaga o manu'a ta'aloga i tama'ita'i ta'a'alo. E mafai ona fesoasoani togafitiga ma faamalositino e le o ni taotoga e toe faaleleia ai manu'a?
Quadriceps Q – Manu'a Angle
le Q angle o le tulimanu lea e fetaui ai le ponaivi o le vae i luga ma le ponaivi vae pito i lalo.. E fuaina i laina felavasai se lua:
Tasi mai le ogatotonu o le patella / tulivae i le pito i luma pito i luga o le iliac spine o le pelvis.
O le isi e mai le patella i le tubercle tibial.
I le averesi o le tulimanu e tolu tikeri maualuga i tamaitai nai lo alii.
O fafine e iai eseesega fa'a-biomechanical e aofia ai le pelvis lautele, e fa'afaigofie ai ona fanau. Ae ui i lea, o lenei eseesega e mafai ona saofagā i manuʻa tulivae pe a taʻalo taʻaloga, ona o le faʻateleina o le Q angle e faʻateleina ai le faʻalavelave i luga o le tulivae, faʻapea foʻi ma le taʻitaʻia o le faʻateleina o vae.
manua
O mea eseese e mafai ona faʻateleina ai le lamatiaga o manuʻa, ae o le Q angle lautele ua fesoʻotaʻi i tulaga nei.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
O le maualuga o le Q angle e mafai ona mafua ai ona toso e le quadriceps le pito o tulivae, aveese mai le nofoaga ma mafua ai le le lelei o le siakiina o patellar.
I le taimi, e mafai ona mafua ai le tiga o tulivae (i lalo ma faataamilo i le tulivae), ma maso le paleni.
E mafai ona fautuaina le fa'aogaina o vae ma le fa'aofuofu.
O nisi tagata suʻesuʻe ua maua se fesoʻotaʻiga, aʻo isi e leʻi maua le mafutaga tutusa. (Wolf Petersen, et al., 2014)
Chondromalacia o le tulivae
O le fa'avaivai lea o le cartilage i le pito i lalo o le tuli tuli.
O le fa'ailoga masani o le tiga i lalo ma faataamilo i le tuli.
Manu'a ACL
O fafine e maualuga atu fua faatatau o manu'a ACL nai lo alii. (Yasuhiro Mitani. 2017)
O le maualuga o le Q angle e mafai ona avea ma mea e faʻateleina ai le faʻalavelave ma mafua ai ona leiloa le tulivae.
Ae ui i lea, o loʻo tumau pea le feeseeseaiga, ona o nisi suʻesuʻega e leʻi maua se fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o le Q angle ma manuʻa tulivae.
Togafitiga faʻamaʻi
Faamalolosia o Faatinoga
O polokalame mo le puipuia o manu'a a le ACL ua fuafuaina mo tama'ita'i ua fa'aitiitia ai manu'a. (Trent Nessler, et al., 2017)
le vastus medialis obliquus poʻo le VMO o se maso e pei o loimata e fesoasoani e fa'agaoioi le sooga tulivae ma fa'amautu le ivi tuli.
O le faʻamalosia o le maso e mafai ona faʻateleina le mautu o le sooga tulivae.
O le faʻamalosia e ono manaʻomia ai se taulaiga faʻapitoa i le taimi faʻamaʻi maso.
O fa'amalositino tapuni e pei o squats puipui e fautuaina.
O le faʻamalosia o le glute o le a faʻaleleia atili ai le mautu.
Taʻaloga Taʻaloga
O le fa'aloaloa o maso fa'amalosi o le a fesoasoani e fa'amalieina le vaega o lo'o manu'a, fa'ateleina le ta'amilosaga, ma toe fa'afoisia le tele o gaioioiga ma galuega.
O maso e masani ona maua e fufusi e aofia ai le tafafao, fa'a'au'au, fa'aili iliotibial, ma le gastrocnemius.
Foot Orthotics
Fa'aleaganu'u, fa'alelei fa'apipi'i fa'aitiitiga le Q angle ma fa'aitiitia le fa'auiga, fa'amāmā ai le fa'alavelave fa'aopoopo ile tulivae.
E fa'amautinoaina e le tu'ufa'atasiga fa'apitoa e fa'amauina ma fa'asa'o le malosi o vae ma vae.
E mafai fo'i ona fesoasoani seevae fa'atonu e fa'asa'o le soona ta'u.
Toe Fa'aleleia o tulivae
mau faasino
Khasawneh, RR, Allouh, MZ, & Abu-El-Rub, E. (2019). Fuaina o le quadriceps (Q) angle e tusa ai ma vaega eseese o le tino i le faitau aofaʻi o talavou Arapi. PloS tasi, 14(6), e0218387. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218387
Petersen, W., Ellermann, A., Gösele-Koppenburg, A., Best, R., Rembitzki, IV, Brüggemann, GP, & Liebau, C. (2014). Patellofemoral tiga ma'i. Ta'otoga tulivae, fa'alavelave tau ta'aloga, arthroscopy: Tusitala aloaia a le ESSKA, 22(10), 2264–2274. doi.org/10.1007/s00167-013-2759-6
Vaienti, E., Scita, G., Ceccarelli, F., & Pogliacomi, F. (2017). Malamalama i tulivae o le tagata ma lona sootaga i le sui atoa o tulivae. Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, 88(2S), 6–16. doi.org/10.23750/abm.v88i2-S.6507
Mitani Y. (2017). Eseesega fa'atatau ile itupa ile fa'aogaina ole vae pito i lalo, va'aiga o gaio'i fa'atasi, ma le fa'alavelaveina o manu'a i ta'aloga i tagata ta'aalo a le iunivesite Iapani. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 29(1), 12–15. doi.org/10.1589/jpts.29.12
Nessler, T., Denney, L., & Sampley, J. (2017). Puipuiga o Manu'a ACL: O le a le mea e ta'u mai e su'esu'ega ia i matou? Iloiloga o loʻo iai nei i vailaʻau musculoskeletal, 10 (3), 281-288. doi.org/10.1007/s12178-017-9416-5
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